X1.4-class solar flare observed on September 22, 2011, by NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) using the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA).
The question
How can we turn large collections of solar observations into useful forecasts?
My research explores solar flare prediction using full-disk magnetograms and active-region imagery. These complementary views connect global solar context with the local magnetic structures associated with flaring.
I investigate rare-event prediction, ordinal loss functions, and explanations that connect model outputs to solar physics. My collaborative work also includes heliophysics foundation models, benchmark datasets, and open science for space weather modeling.
Related work
SuryaBench: Benchmark dataset for advancing machine learning in heliophysics and space weather prediction
S. Roy, D. V. Hegde, …, C. Pandey, et al. Scientific Data, 2026.
Read publicationOrdinal encoding as a regularizer in binary loss for solar flare prediction
C. Pandey, J. Hong, A. Ji, R. A. Angryk, and B. Aydin. IEEE ICDM Workshops, 2025, pp. 1890–1895.
Read publicationDataset: Bitmap Filtered Line of Sight HMI Active Region Patches with Augmentations →
Enhancing explainability in solar energetic particle event prediction: A global feature mapping approach
A. Ji, P. Patil, C. Pandey, M. K. Georgoulis, and B. Aydin. IEEE ICDM Workshops, 2025, pp. 1905–1912.
Read publicationSurya: Foundation model for heliophysics
S. Roy, J. Schmude, …, C. Pandey, et al. arXiv preprint, 2025.
Read publicationExplaining solar flare predictions with post hoc attribution and physical relevance
C. Pandey, J. Hong, A. Ji, M. K. Georgoulis, and B. Aydin. Poster presentation online, AGU Fall Meeting, December 2025.
View posterEvaluation of Surya, a heliophysics foundation model, using a wide range of downstream applications
A. Muñoz-Jaramillo, S. Bahauddin, D. da Silva, …, C. Pandey, et al. Poster presentation, AGU Fall Meeting, New Orleans, 2025.
Surya: Foundation model for heliophysics using SDO data
S. Roy et al. Poster presentation, AGU Fall Meeting, New Orleans, 2025.
Large scale evaluation of deep learning‑based explainable solar flare forecasting models with attribution‑based proximity analysis
T. Adeyeha, C. Pandey, and B. Aydin, “Large scale evaluation of deep learning‑based explainable solar flare forecasting models with attribution‑based proximity analysis,” in 2024 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData), 2024, pp. 1209–1214.
Read publicationAdvancing solar flare prediction using deep learning with active region patches
C. Pandey, T. Adeyeha, J. Hong, R. A. Angryk, and B. Aydin, “Advancing solar flare prediction using deep learning with active region patches,” in Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases. Applied Data Science Track, Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024, pp. 50–65.
Read publicationDataset: Bitmap Filtered Line of Sight HMI Active Region Patches with Augmentations →
Towards hybrid embedded feature selection and classification approach with slim‑tsf
A. Ji, C. Pandey, and B. Aydin, “Towards hybrid embedded feature selection and classification approach with slim‑tsf,” in Big Data Analytics and Knowledge Discovery, Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024, pp. 91–105.
Read publicationEmbedding ordinality to binary loss function for improving solar flare forecasting
C. Pandey, A. Ji, J. Hong, R. A. Angryk, and B. Aydin, “Embedding ordinality to binary loss function for improving solar flare forecasting,” in 2024 IEEE 11th International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (DSAA), 2024.
Read publicationEnhancing solar flare prediction with integrated multi-wavelength imagery and conformal prediction
J. Hong, C. Pandey, and B. Aydin. AGU, 2024.
View posterTowards coupling full‑disk and active region‑based flare prediction for operational space weather forecasting
C. Pandey, A. Ji, R. A. Angryk, M. K. Georgoulis, and B. Aydin, “Towards coupling full‑disk and active region‑based flare prediction for operational space weather forecasting,” Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, vol. 9, Aug. 2022.
Read publicationExploring heuristics in full-disk aggregation from individual active region prediction of solar flares
C. Pandey, M. K. Georgoulis, B. Aydin, R. A. Angryk, and A. Ji. Poster, July 2022.
View posterTraining and deployment of predictive models for space weather forecasting: An application on full-disk and active region-based flare prediction
C. Pandey, A. Ji, R. Angryk, and B. Aydin. AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, SH55A–1825, December 2021.
View poster